Southside Market

By Tierney R. O’Donnell

It’s a hot summer night. The delta breeze has temporarily abandoned us. Heat hangs heavily from the branches of the giant black walnut tree on T Street. Thankfully, the Southside Market comes to our rescue. Located only a couple of blocks away from our house, they’re stocked with everything we need beat the heat: refrigerated beverages, bags of ice, and what I’m craving most of all right now—a freezer full of ice cream bars.

I am continually amazed that I’m able to step out of my front door, walk five minutes, and arrive at a grocery shop. In this age of big box stores and Amazon deliveries, walking to a small corner store feels like traveling through time. I grew up in the suburbs where going to the grocery store meant having to get into the car and drive somewhere. In full transparency, I do still drive to a store to buy most of my weekly groceries. But for those times when I need a tube of toothpaste, a six-pack of cider for a friend’s football party, or a bar of chocolate for a hard day, Southside Market is the place to go.

The building that is now the South Side Market has a long and storied history. Over the years it’s been a confectionary and fruit business, a soda shop, a bicycle shop, a cigar store, a butcher shop, an ice cream parlor, a community gathering space, and even a mechanics garage. It’s been a cornerstone of the South Side almost as long as the neighborhood has existed.

Historical Building Survey

I learned a lot about the building that houses the Southside Market from the City’s historical building surveys. Between 1976 and 1996, the Sacramento City Planning Department conducted building surveys of residential and non-residential structures in and around the city. The surveys can be a gold mine if you’re researching your house or other historic buildings. They can contain information such as: building type, architect, builder, date of construction, significant architectural features, list of past owners, and more. Unfortunately, not all surveys include all of this information. But every tidbit is enticing, leaving you wanting more.

The initial building survey for the Southside Market was done in 1980. Later, the survey was updated in 1994 and 1996. According to the initial survey, the building at 601 T Street is a two-story Craftsman with a hip roof. (A hip roof means all sides of the roof slope downwards towards the walls, versus a gable roof where only two slides slope downwards.) In the 1996 survey, the building was reported to be in the following condition:

surfaced with beveled drop siding on the ground floor and shingled on the second floor level. Two shallow bays project from the second floor front facade and one from the west facade. A large overhang with cut work brackets provides the major Craftsman design element. Simple moldings surround the double hung and show windows and the angled central entry is slightly recessed. Plate glass has replaced some of the earlier show windows and the store front area on the 6th Street has been boarded up and is now used as a store room for the store.²

Throughout its history, the downstairs portion of the building has served multiple commercial and social purposes while offering living quarters upstairs. The “structure is competent, if modest, as a representative of the many mixed commercial neighborhood and residential buildings that provide services or goods to local residents”.⁴ And they have pretty good ice cream too.

C. H. S. Bidwell

According to the historic survey, the building that would become the Southside Market was constructed between 1911 and 1912 for C. H. S. Bidwell.⁵ It took me forever to figure out his full name. All the records I found only refer to him by his initials. Even his obituary! Finally, after much frustrated searching, I found his full name: Claude Hubert Stephenson Bidwell. Now I understand the need for abbreviation.

Claude H. S. Bidwell had a long career in public service. He was elected to the original city council when it switched to the city management form of government in 1921, and served as a city councilman for twenty years.⁷ He was even elected Mayor of the City of Sacramento from 1930 to 1933.⁸ Before his mayoral run, Bidwell was a practicing attorney with offices at the Bryte Building on Seventh and J Streets.⁹

Bidwell came into possession of the property on the corner of Sixth Street and T Street on May 16, 1911. The Sacramento Bee reported in the Real Estate Transfers section on May 18, 1911: “Bertha Kiessig to C. H. S. Bidwell (deed, May 16, 1911)—South half of west half of lot 8, 6th and 7th, S and T.”¹⁰ When property is bought and sold within the city grid, the real estate transfer often refers to both the address as well as the lot number and cross streets. Even in 2023 when we bought our house the deed referenced both the house address and the property’s lot number and cross streets. I love having this relic of history baked into the record of our house. It feels like coordinates on a treasure map.

This system of property identification originates in how the city was initially laid out in 1848. Since the early 1840s, John Sutter had held the land between his fort and the Sacramento River by agreement with the Mexican government.¹¹ But by 1848, Sutter was in debt. To help the family fortunes, his son, John Augustus Sutter, Jr., commissioned the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers to survey his father’s land into lots that could be sold off to get the family out of hock.¹² (Forgive the pun. Sutter had another property north of the city called Hock Farm.) As a result of this survey, the gridiron layout of the city was established. The streets going east to west were named for the letters of the alphabet and the streets going north to south were numbered from one to thirty-one. Each block was composed of eight lots with an alley down the middle.

Below is an image from the 1849 Plan of Sacramento City¹³ by cartographer and surveyor William Horace Warner. This segment shows the block between Second and Third Streets and L and M Streets. The lots are numbered one through eight going clockwise starting at the north-western corner.

Over time, the lots within each block were bought, sold, traded, and split into smaller lots. This explains why the 1911 real estate transfer in the Sacramento Bee described Bidwell’s lot as the southern portion of the western half of lot eight. For my fellow visual learners, the image below is from the 1912 City of Sacramento Assessor Map Book¹⁵ and shows the area being described. I’ve outlined in red the property Claude H. S. Bidwell purchased from Bertha Kiessig which would eventually become the location of the Southside Market. By 1911, lot eight had already been split in half dividing north from south. Ellen J. Clark owned the northern half. The map shows “C. H. S. Bidwell” as the owner of the southwestern corner of the lot. It looks like Bertha Kiessig retained ownership of the southeastern portion of the lot at that time.

I haven’t found any information on exactly when the structure at 601 T Street was built. The historic building survey says it was sometime between 1911 and 1912. Claude H. S. Bidwell owned the lot from 1911 to 1919 and it looks like he rented it out to multiple businesses during those years.

March Clothing Renovatory

By 1912, the March Clothing Renovatory was advertising its services at 601 T Street.¹⁷ The business was listed under the cleaners, dyers, and scourers section of the City Directory,¹⁸ presided over by manager James F. March. They offered services as remodelers and cleaners of ladies’ and gents’ garments. I’m guessing this translates to some kind of laundry/dry cleaning work. The advertisements include a drawing of an agitated cat with the slogan, “The cat may, but the spots never.”¹⁹ I believe this is a reference the English proverb “a cat may look at a king,” meaning people of low status have the right to question those of higher status. It seems the March Clothing Renovatory felt you should double-check your clothes for spots before you went around questioning kings.

Throughout 1912, the March Clothing Renovatory made multiple appearances in the papers. They regularly advertised their services and, a few times, appeared in the news as the victims of misfortune. First was a burglary in March. The Sacramento Star reported that, after “Prying open a rear window in the March clothing renovatory, 601 T street, burglars last night gained entrance and stole several suits of clothes. Detectives Balsz and Naghel are investigating the case.”²¹ In April of that same year, the business was the victim of the city’s age-old enemy: fire. The Sacramento Bee reported, “A small blaze was started early last night in the March clothing renovatory at 601 T Street by a gas stove. The Fire Department was called out, but the fire had already been extinguished by employes [sic].”²² From 1912 through 1913, the March Clothing Renovatory opened other locations, one at the Diepenbrock Theatre on J Street²³ and another at 1714 28th Street.²⁴ Eventually, references to their location on T Street tapered off from the newspaper advertisements.

I didn’t find very many mentions of 601 T Street between 1912 and 1916. In 1914, Charles Gormann had some advertisements “For Furniture Repairing, Cabinet and Carpenter work, kindly drop a line; I will call.”²⁵ That same year, Jesse Holmes, a member of the Southside’s Portuguese community, rented the upstairs apartment for his family when they moved to California from the Azores.²⁶ He said the downstairs was a soda store at the time.²⁷

Baker’s Confectionary

In the Sacramento City Directory of 1916,²⁸ 601 T Street is listed as the residence of the husband and wife team Mr. Eli Baker and Mrs. Rebecca Baker. (Rebecca’s name is sometimes spelled “Rebekah” in the newspapers.)

The Directory lists Eli Baker’s profession as a teamster. Teamsters drove horse- or ox-drawn carts, later automobiles and trucks, to haul goods from one place to another for trade. They were also called packers or haulers.²⁹ In his novel The Valley of the Moon (1913) Jack London’s hero Billy Roberts is a union teamster. Billy describes the effects on his hands of holding the reins and steering a team of horses for a living. Showing off his little finger, he says he “can’t straighten it like the others,” explaining, “the teamin’s done it…Ever see an old four-horse teamster’s hands? They look like claws they’re that crippled an’ twisted.”³⁰ My own great-grandfather was a member of the Teamsters’ Union in the 1930s-1950s. He worked as a milkman in the areas around Oakland.

While Eli Baker was out driving his team, Rebecca plied her trade in the building on Sixth Street. Rebecca’s business was listed under the Confectionery and Fruit section of the Directory. A confectioner is a person who makes sweets and “confectionery” refers to their art or place of business. I wish I’d been able to find out more about the confectionery under Rebecca’s proprietorship. A picture of the store at that time would be amazing!

I was able to find an advertisement from February 1917: “WANTED—Second-Hand Soda Fountain, must be cheap.”³¹ Possibly Rebecca was adding fountain drinks to her confectionery’s offerings. Fountain drinks in the United States date back to the 1850s when druggists combined flavored extracts and effervesced (carbonized) drugs in drinks to treat illness.³² Initially, cocaine and caffeine were popular ingredients in these fountain drinks. When Rebecca advertised for a soda fountain in 1917, it had only been three years since a federal law had rendered cocaine illegal to sell in over-the-counter products.³³ Maybe the lack of cocaine led to less business? By March 1918, the location was for sale, advertised in the Sacramento Bee as a “Small Candy and Ice Cream store; opposite South Side Park.”³⁴

During the period that Rebecca Baker ran the confectionery, it seems one of her daughters, who lived in the upstairs apartments, may have been a bit of a Karen. Mrs. W. M. Shoemaker (there are multiple spellings of her last name in the papers) had a lot to say about the rentable boats in the lake at Southside Park.

On April 5, 1917, the Sacramento Star newspaper mentions, “Mrs. W. M. Schoemaker of 601 T street, in a communication, informed the city commission that working men and women were unable to enjoy the municipal boats on the south side lake, because they were refused permission to use them after 5 p. m. Formerly the boats could be used till it was too dark for safety. The matter was referred to the park board.”³⁵ The very next day, Mrs. Shoemaker is mentioned again charging “that favoritism is shown by Park Board authorities in allowing use of boats at Southside Park. She charged that Dr. W. E. Briggs of the Park Board, told her he was not paid for ‘running around to the parks to see to such matters.’”³⁶

Despite the trouble they caused Mrs. Shoemaker, I wish they still rented out boats on the lake at Southside Park! It would be so fun to be able to paddle or pole around the water of a summer night, dodging geese and peering into the tangled jungle of the little island.

Weaver’s Grocery

Willis E. Weaver and his wife Mabel E. Weaver became the next owners of the property on February 20, 1920.³⁷ In the Sacramento City Directory of 1920,³⁸ Mrs. Mabel Weaver was listed as working at 601 T Street as a confectioner. Willis E. Weaver was listed as a stereotyper for the Sacramento Star and later as a printer. Both are listed as residing in the house next to the store at 603 T Street. The Weavers seem to have run the store at different times as a confectionery, grocery,³⁹ print shop,⁴⁰ and possibly a soda shop.

The newspapers from 1919 into the 1920s give some tantalizing clues into the daily lives of the Weavers. The papers are full of advertisements for items the couple wanted to buy or sell. Such items included a fine soda fountain and six bottles for $60⁴¹ (was this possibly the fountain previously purchased by Rebecca Baker?), a rubber tire canopy top buggy for $50⁴², and egg incubators for $10 a piece.⁴³ Sadly, I couldn’t find any advertisements for their store at 601 T Street. It didn’t appear to have a specific name, only being listed in directories as Mabel Weaver’s place of business.

The Weavers’ son, Melvin A. Weaver, had recently returned from war service in the Philippines⁴⁴ when he had a harrowing experience in February of 1920. Melvin was walking down Seventh Street between N and O Streets around 1:30 AM when two men came out of an alley and asked him for a match.⁴⁵ As Melvin reached into his pocket, one of the men drew a gun and shot him in the left arm. The other man took Melvin’s watch, which was valued at $10 (approximately equivalent to $166.14 in 2025 dollars) then commanded him to walk ahead and not look back.⁴⁶ At the time of the attack, Melvin worked as the proprietor of the Rialto cigar factory. It was suspected that one of the bandits who attacked Melvin had been responsible for the death of Will Simmonds at the Helm saloon several weeks prior.⁴⁷

A few years later, Melvin had his own brush with the law. In January 1925, the police conducted a raid at his parent’s store on T Street and Melvin was arrested on a charge of violating the Wright Act, California’s prohibition law. Detectives Reith and Wilson found “a quantity of liquor in the establishment.”⁴⁸ According to Melvin, the one pint of liquor found on him was intended for a duck hunt. He was fined $50 in police court (approximately equivalent to $936.35 in 2025 dollars) on a possession charge. That’s a hefty price to pay for a little drink in the duck blind. About a month later, an advertisement appeared in the paper selling a “Complete Printing Plant. Including 30×46 cylinder press. Inquire 601 T Street.”⁴⁹ We know Melvin’s father Willis E. Weaver worked as a stereotypist and printer. Did he have to sell his entire operation to pay off his son’s prohibition debt?

Around October 1925, advertisements started appearing in the paper that 601 T street was available for rent as a butcher shop.⁵⁰ The location was advertised as a “Complete Butcher Shop, Furnished, with phone, lights” and a “beautiful empty flat with large sun porch, yard and large garage; clears $50.00 over rent.”⁵¹

Machado’s South Side Grocery

In February 1926, the store and apartments at 601 T Street were sold to Manuel J. Machado and his wife Elsie Machado.⁵² They named the business South Side Grocery and advertised it in the Sacramento Bee.

Manuel J. Machado was born in 1887 in Ribeirinha on the island of Pico.⁵⁴ Pico is part of the archipelago of islands known as the Azores which are an autonomous region of Portugal. When Manuel came to Sacramento he initially worked for the Southern Pacific Railroad. He later bought the Cascade Dairy, a milk delivery service located at Fifth and T Streets, and renamed it South Side Dairy.⁵⁵ The milk was purchased from a creamery on C Street and then sold door-to-door via horse-drawn carts as depicted in the image below.⁵⁶ The milk was not delivered in glass bottles but was measured out directly into customers’ pitchers.⁵⁷ At the time he owned the dairy, Manuel was rooming upstairs in the home of John Enos, and ran his milk delivery from the alley behind the house.⁵⁸

It was thanks to this dairy business that Manuel met his future wife, Elsie Garcia. Elsie was also from Ribeirinha and had come to Sacramento in 1902 at the age of seven. They met because Elsie was one of the dairy’s customers. ⁶⁰ I love to imagine Manuel delivering milk to Elsie’s house, his heart fluttering in his chest. Did Elsie double-check her hair in the mirror before opening the door? Did Manuel’s hand tremble as he poured the milk from the large jug into her pitcher? Did their eyes meet only to look away again quickly before he tipped his hat and left to complete his deliveries for the day?

Before meeting Manuel, Elsie worked at a cannery, then at a warehouse for ten cents an hour, and as a cashier in the cafeteria at the Weinstock & Lubin Co. department store.⁶¹ When Manuel asked Elsie to marry him, their mutual dream of owning a store was a key feature of the proposal. He said to her, “If you and I got together we’ll buy a store and you can take care of the books.”⁶² Luckily for Manuel, this was the right move. Little did he know that, as a little girl, Elsie had dreamed of owning a grocery store. Many years later she recalled, “I used to save all the bags from the market…I was going to use them in my store.”⁶³ As her pile of bags grew, her mother cried, “Elsie, these bags are all starting to wear out!”⁶⁴ Manuel and Elsie were married at St. Stephen’s Church at Third and O Streets in 1913, the same church where Elsie had been crowned festa queen at age 17 in 1911.⁶⁵

Manuel and Elsie’s first grocery store was at 500 T Street.⁶⁶ In 1926 they bought the store at 601 T Street.⁶⁷ When the Machados bought the building, the back had previously been used as a bicycle shop, an auto-repair shop—planks of wood covered the old service pit used to get underneath the cars—and, more recently, as a bar.⁶⁸ Because he wasn’t a citizen, Manuel couldn’t get a liquor permit, so a liquor distributor got him a permit in the company’s name.⁶⁹ In later years, one of the store’s back rooms was used by the Southside Improvement Association—the group that lobbied to bring down the R Street levee—for their meetings.⁷⁰ After buying the store, Manuel and Elsie lived in the apartment upstairs for decades.⁷¹

One of the many benefits of corner stores is their ability to cater to the specific needs of the surrounding neighborhoods. The South Side Grocery sold fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, and staple groceries⁷² as well as specialty items specifically geared towards the local Portuguese community, such as linguica sausage, dry codfish, and wine. The dry codfish was so popular Manuel shipped it by Greyhound bus to locales as far away as Mendocino, Siskiyou, Lassen, and Fallon, Nevada!⁷³

Besides supplying groceries to the surrounding South Side neighborhood, Manuel also found customers among the Portuguese immigrants who were working on reclaiming land in Natomas and who labored in the prune ranches and hop fields around Marysville. He would transport the workers to the job sites, supply them with food and other items needed, then transport them back to Sacramento.⁷⁴

Elsie was in charge of running the store, which was initially open seven days a week from 7:00 AM to 9:00 PM. Later, the store would close on Sunday afternoons. “Elsie trained herself to take care of the books and the other paperwork, including the business tax matters.”⁷⁵ In addition to masterminding all of this, Elsie was also a woman of action. One time, she chased down a man who had stolen a jug of wine from the store.⁷⁶ Ever a team, Manuel joined the pursuit, hot on Elsie’s heels.

Both Manuel and Elsie were very social. Manuel was a member of numerous Portuguese organizations as well as the Southside Improvement Association.⁷⁷ Elsie was a member of the Women’s Division of the American Portuguese Club.⁷⁸ A robbery at the store put a damper on Elsie’s social activities. One day, when Manuel was working at the store alone, he “was hit on the head and robbed. After that [Elsie] wouldn’t leave him there alone.”⁷⁹ Another time (I’m not sure if it was the same incident) thieves hit Manuel on the head and locked him in the refrigerator.⁸⁰

Robbery is a constant threat for small businesses. In 1930, the store was robbed twice. The first incident was in January when a thief entered through a rear window and stole “two hundred cigarets, one hundred cigars and twenty-two pounds of cheese”.⁸¹ Twenty-two pounds is an insane amount of cheese to make a getaway with. That same year in October another robbery occurred where “Twenty cans of coffee, an undetermined quantity of canned goods and four cartons of cigarets were stolen.”⁸² This time the thief came through a front window. Another time, the store was robbed three times in a single week.⁸³

When Manuel and Elsie first started in the grocery business in 1913, they delivered their goods in a horse-drawn “fine spring buggy.”⁸⁴ When automobiles came into greater use, the Machados upgraded. In the late 1920s it was a big deal when someone purchased an automobile and the newspapers would announce the occasion to the community. In 1929, a Chevorlet ad highlights Manuel’s purchase of a panel truck for his grocery delivery service. The ad states that, “After investigating the various light delivery trucks on the market Mr. Machado found the new Chevrolet ‘6’ offered the most dependable and economical transportation.”⁸⁵ I think we can all agree it was a huge oversight on the part of the newspaper that they neglected to include with the advertisement a picture of Manuel sitting behind the wheel of his shiny new truck.

In 1931, Manuel gave the building’s hipped roof some attention, reroofing it for $390⁸⁷ (approximately equivalent to $8,479.91 in 2025 dollars).

Manuel Machado died in August 1962. His funeral was the only day the store had ever been closed.⁸⁸ When he passed, both Manuel and his South Side Grocery were neighborhood institutions. For his kindness and generosity, Manuel was known as the Mayor of Southside Park.⁸⁹ The Sacramento Bee wrote of him:

Machado’s store at 601 T Street was a community center for Sacramentans of Portuguese descent, who knew the kindly owner as Jora, referring in Portuguese to Machado’s high pitched voice.

Machado was known for his generosity, granting credit repeatedly to customers in the neighborhood. It is said he helped many people through the depression by putting them “on the tab.”⁹⁰

In 1975, the Sacramento Bee ran a beautifully-written article by Nancy Skelton titled “Endangered Species: Mom-Pop Grocer Hasn’t Gone Yet”.⁹¹ The article features Elsie Machado, 80 years young, still hard at work at South Side Grocery.⁹² Skelton refered to the store as “the granddaddy of the Mom and Pops”⁹³ and described the current state of affairs:

South Side sells candy now in the ancient wooden chest that used to hold ice blocks—they store adding machine tapes in the old flour bins. The huge oatmeal cookie jar broke a few weeks ago. But you can still hear the crack of butcher paper being ripped off a roll and the clunk of change on a solid oak counter…Today Elsie moves Afro combs and cellophane wrapped hot dogs with the same gusto she once sold wine by the barrel and flour by the hundred-weight.⁹⁴

Two years after Nancy Skelton’s article was published, Elsie Machado retired and sold the South Side Grocery. As she prepared to leave the store she’d lived and worked in for over fifty years, Elsie spoke of the kindness of her neighbors and customers. “The people around here might not be much to look at,” she said, “but they respect you and take care of you. If someone comes in and looks a little strange, people will come in and ask what time it is. They really don’t want to know the time, they just want to know we’re all right.”⁹⁵

The Family Legacy of Richard Garcia

In 1977, 601 T Street passed to its next owner, Richard R. Garcia.⁹⁷ Richard, known as Rick, was the great-nephew of Elsie Machado and had worked in the store as a clerk since the age of thirteen.⁹⁸ He also lived above the store and continued the tradition of keeping it open seven days a week.

In 1985, the Sacramento Bee ran an article by Bob Sylva which depicted the store as a “dubious legacy” in “a depressed area in arduous transition”.⁹⁹ In the article, Rick is quoted expressing hope for the neighborhood, stating the “area doesn’t deserve the (negative) reputation that it has.”¹⁰⁰ His great-aunt Elsie Machado also still had hope. She said, “The store was good to us…I think it has a future.”¹⁰¹

Rick expressed his belief in the neighborhood in tangible ways. For Christmas in 1986, he cooked hot turkey dinners for forty men experiencing homelessness.¹⁰² Rick cooked the meals in the kitchen of his apartment located above the store. I imagine the men waiting outside the market for Rick to open at 7:00 AM. Their breath frosted in the December chill. I imagine them looking up at the lighted windows and breathing deeply as the delicious holiday smells of turkey and gravy drifted down to the sidewalk below. I know the sensation well. When walk I around the South Side around dinner time, I love inhaling the aromas of my neighbor’s various cuisines drifting out through the windows and screen doors. Peoples and cultures and foods from all over the world are woven into the fabric of this neighborhood. Even though we’re in our separate houses, living our own lives, at dinnertime, it feels like we’re all cooking together.

When Rick cooked Christmas dinner back in 1986, he said of the gesture, “It’s something I have done for the last couple of years…It doesn’t cost a lot and it just feels good to do it.”¹⁰³ That same year, with the help of an anonymous donation, Rick also packed ten boxes of food for neighbors in need of support.¹⁰⁴

Tragically, Rick died in an automobile accident in 1987.¹⁰⁵ He was only 34 years old.

Southside Market

Sine the 1980s, 601 T Street has changed owners a few times. No longer the South Side Grocery, the store is now called Southside Market. At one point, the building suffered an electrical fire. I’m not sure if it was after this fire that the change was made, but, sadly, the recessed entry with the angled windows is gone. The front of the building is now flat with a roll-down metal door to protect from the robberies which are still all too prevalent. There are still living quarters upstairs and the store is still open seven days a week.

I wish I had been able to visit the shop when Elsie Machado was running things. I would have loved to see the old icebox and flour barrels. It would have been so fun to lean against the solid oak counter and ask her what it was like in the old days. I wish the old soda fountain machine was still there making fizzes and frothy drinks (minus the cocaine).

Even though things have changed, I’m so glad the building is still here. I’m so glad it’s still a corner store where we can drop in for a drink or an ice cream bar, run into our neighbors, and say hello to the familiar faces at the cash register. The shop is still a cornerstone of the neighborhood. I think that would make Elsie smile.

Bibliography

1. 601 T street 1980-1996, Box 15, 2015/043, Sacramento (Calif.) Planning Department Records, CTY0008, Center for Sacramento History. https://oac.cdlib.org/static_findaids/ark:/13030/c8j390d9.html. ↩︎
2. 601 T street 1980-1996, Box 15, 2015/043, Sacramento (Calif.) Planning Department Records, CTY0008, Center for Sacramento History. https://oac.cdlib.org/static_findaids/ark:/13030/c8j390d9.html. ↩︎
3. 601 T street 1980-1996, Box 15, 2015/043, Sacramento (Calif.) Planning Department Records, CTY0008, Center for Sacramento History. https://oac.cdlib.org/static_findaids/ark:/13030/c8j390d9.html. ↩︎
4. 601 T street 1980-1996, Box 15, 2015/043, Sacramento (Calif.) Planning Department Records, CTY0008, Center for Sacramento History. https://oac.cdlib.org/static_findaids/ark:/13030/c8j390d9.html. ↩︎
5. 601 T street 1980-1996, Box 15, 2015/043, Sacramento (Calif.) Planning Department Records, CTY0008, Center for Sacramento History. https://oac.cdlib.org/static_findaids/ark:/13030/c8j390d9.html. ↩︎
6. “Veteran of City Council Dies At Age of 61.” The Sacramento Union. November 18, 1941. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181247664/. ↩︎
7. “His Career Ends.” The Sacramento Union. November 18, 1941. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181260375/. ↩︎
8. “Harmony Abounds as Council Makes Bidwell Mayor.” The Sacramento Bee. January 3, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181367653/. ↩︎
9. “Notice to Creditors.” The Sacramento Bee. June 8, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181367920/. ↩︎
10. “Real Estate Transfers.” The Sacramento Bee. May 17, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181217459/. ↩︎
11. “City-Wide Historic Context.” City of Sacramento. https://www.cityofsacramento.gov/content/dam/portal/cdd/Planning/Urban-Design/Preservation/Adopted-Historic-District-Plans/City-Wide-Historic-Context.pdf. ↩︎
12. “City-Wide Historic Context.” City of Sacramento. https://www.cityofsacramento.gov/content/dam/portal/cdd/Planning/Urban-Design/Preservation/Adopted-Historic-District-Plans/City-Wide-Historic-Context.pdf. ↩︎
13. Warner, William Horace, Cartographer, Surveyor, Millard Fillmore, and Lithographer W. Endicott & Co. “Plan of Sacramento City, State of California.” W. Endicott & Co., 1848. https://www.loc.gov/item/2018588053/. ↩︎
14. Warner, William Horace, Cartographer, Surveyor, Millard Fillmore, and Lithographer W. Endicott & Co. “Plan of Sacramento City, State of California.” W. Endicott & Co., 1848. https://www.loc.gov/item/2018588053/. ↩︎
15. Sacramento City Assessor. “City of Sacramento Assessor Map Book, 1912.” Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/SacCityMapBook1912. ↩︎
16. Sacramento City Assessor. “City of Sacramento Assessor Map Book, 1912.” Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/SacCityMapBook1912. ↩︎
17. “Sacramento City Directory, 1912.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1912/mode/2up. ↩︎
18. “Sacramento City Directory, 1912.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1912/mode/2up. ↩︎
19. “Sacramento City Directory, 1912.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1912/mode/2up. ↩︎
20. “Sacramento City Directory, 1912.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1912/mode/2up. ↩︎
21. “Burglars Get Several Suits.” The Sacramento Star. March 5, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-star/181306224/. ↩︎
22. “Small Blaze.” The Sacramento Bee. April 10, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181305174/. ↩︎
23. “Remodelers and Cleaners.” The Sacramento Bee. February 28, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181307217/. ↩︎
24. “Thoroughly Cleaned.” The Sacramento Bee. August 25, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181307297/. ↩︎
25. “For Furniture Repairing.” The Sacramento Bee. January 15, 1914. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181307517/. ↩︎
26. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
27. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
28. “Sacramento City Directory, 1916.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1916/mode/2up. ↩︎
29. Kindell, Alexandra. Settling the Sunset Land: California and Its Family Farmers, 1850s-1890s. Iowa State University, 2006. https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/entities/publication/d81622e2-e344-45d2-a139-26b2e989904a. ↩︎
30. London, Jack. The Valley of the Moon. The Macmillan Company, 1913. ↩︎
31. “WANTED.” The Sacramento Bee. February 10, 1917. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181309211/. ↩︎
32. Berger, Karen. “Soda Fountains & Their Pharmacist Inventors.” Pharmacy Times. February 16, 2019. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/soda-fountains–their-pharmacist-inventors. ↩︎
33. Berger, Karen. “Soda Fountains & Their Pharmacist Inventors.” Pharmacy Times. February 16, 2019. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/soda-fountains–their-pharmacist-inventors. ↩︎
34. “FOR Sale.” The Sacramento Bee. March 9, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181310696/. ↩︎
35. “City News.” The Sacramento Star. April 5, 1917. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-star/181267164/. ↩︎
36. “Charges Favoritism.” The Sacramento Bee. April 6, 1917. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181267339/. ↩︎
37. “Real Estate Transfers.” The Sacramento Bee. March 1, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181319798/. ↩︎
38. “Sacramento City Directory, 1920.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1920. ↩︎
39. “FURNISHED.” The Sacramento Bee. March 29, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181328151/. ↩︎
40. “Sacramento City Directory, 1925.” Sacramento Area City Directories and Telephone Books Collection, MS0031, Center for Sacramento History. https://archive.org/details/sac-city-directory-1925_202405. ↩︎
41. “FINE Soda Fountain.” The Sacramento Bee. July 11, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181318226/. ↩︎
42. “FOR Sale.” The Sacramento Bee. October 29, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181318554/. ↩︎
43. “THREE PEERLESS 66-EGG Incubators.” The Sacramento Star. Marc 17, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-star/181319276/. ↩︎
44. “M. A. Weaver.” The Sacramento Star. April 12, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-star/181318021/. ↩︎
45. “Cigar Man is Shot by Bandit.” The Sacramento Union. February 2, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181325111/. ↩︎
46. “Bandits Who Shot Weaver Still at Large.” The Sacramento Bee. February 2, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181324104/. ↩︎
47. “No Trace of Bandits.” The Sacramento Union. February 3, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181324536/. ↩︎
48. “One Held in Raid.” The Sacramento Union. January 11, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181328539/. ↩︎
49. “FOR Sale.” The Sacramento Bee. February 13, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181329012/. ↩︎
50. “FOR RENT.” The Sacramento Bee. October 23, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181329384/. ↩︎
51. “To Let.” The Sacramento Bee. November 28, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181329538/. ↩︎
52. “Weather Fails to Hinder Sales.” The Sacramento Union. February 14, 1926. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181329777/. ↩︎
53. “South Side Grocery.” The Sacramento Bee. September 23, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181380458/. ↩︎
54. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
55. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
56. Burg, William. Sacramento’s Southside Park. Arcadia Publishing, 2007. ↩︎
57. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
58. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
59. Center for Sacramento History, Sacramento Bee Collection, 1983/001/SBPM12197. https://sacramento.pastperfectonline.com/photo/1A33E754-3CB7-4519-8FC1-861925636584. ↩︎
60. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
61. Kennedy, Michael. “South Side Grocery Won’t Change.” The Sacramento Bee. December 5, 1977. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181387851/. ↩︎
62. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
63. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
64. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
65. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
66. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
67. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
68. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
69. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
70. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
71. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow. The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
72. “South Side Grocery.” The Sacramento Union. March 15, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-union/181383308/. ↩︎
73. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
74. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
75. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
76. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
77. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow. The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
78. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
79. D’Alessandro, Joseph and Holmes, Lionel. Portuguese Pioneers of the Sacramento Area. Portuguese Historical and Cultural Society, 2016. ↩︎
80. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow. The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
81. “Grocery Entered.” The Sacramento Bee. January 16, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384181/. ↩︎
82. “Grocery Entered.” The Sacramento Bee. October 29, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384348/. ↩︎
83. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow. The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
84. Skelton, Nancy. “Mom-Pop Groceries Endangered.” The Sacramento Bee. March 2, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181386297/. ↩︎
85. “Chevrolet News.” The Sacramento Bee. December 7, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181382922/. ↩︎
86. “Chevrolet News.” The Sacramento Bee. December 7, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181382922/. ↩︎
87. “Week’s Permits Listed.” The Sacramento Bee. October 24, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181383654/. ↩︎
88. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
89. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow.” The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
90. “M. J. Machado Funeral Will Be Held Tomorrow.” The Sacramento Bee. August 7, 1962. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181384888/. ↩︎
91. Skelton, Nancy. “Endangered Species.” The Sacramento Bee. March 2, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181386232/. ↩︎
92. Skelton, Nancy. “Mom-Pop Groceries Endangered.” The Sacramento Bee. March 2, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181386297/. ↩︎
93. Skelton, Nancy. “Mom-Pop Groceries Endangered.” The Sacramento Bee. March 2, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181386297/. ↩︎
94. Skelton, Nancy. “Mom-Pop Groceries Endangered.” The Sacramento Bee. March 2, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181386297/.  ↩︎
95. Kennedy, Michael. “South Side Grocery Won’t Change.” The Sacramento Bee. December 5, 1977. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181387851/. ↩︎
96. Center for Sacramento History. Sacramento Bee Collection, 1983/001/SBPMP05371. https://sacramento.pastperfectonline.com/photo/60512A2D-DF3F-4B8E-9E5D-169836102431. ↩︎
97. Kennedy, Michael. “South Side Grocery Won’t Change.” The Sacramento Bee. December 5, 1977. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181387851/. ↩︎
98. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
99. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
100. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
101. Sylva, Bob. “Portuguese Landmark: A Struggle to Survive in a New Melting Pot.” The Sacramento Bee. November 17, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181388759/. ↩︎
102. Cooper, Claire and Tachibana, Judy. “Holiday.”The Sacramento Bee. December 26, 1986. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181390383/. ↩︎
103. Cooper, Claire and Tachibana, Judy. “Holiday.”The Sacramento Bee. December 26, 1986. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181390383/. ↩︎
104. Cooper, Claire and Tachibana, Judy. “Holiday.”The Sacramento Bee. December 26, 1986. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181390383/. ↩︎
105. “Richard R. Garcia.” The Sacramento Bee. September 16, 1987. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee/181390220/. ↩︎